![\"\"](\"https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/India.jpg\")
Fig 1. Thermal Power Plant
Mercury is a heavy, odorless, lustrous liquid metal that sinks in water. One gram of mercury contains 3 x 1021 atoms and each of these atoms is bio-chemically capable to disable an enzyme or other critical protein in a human body. This one gram of mercury (present in a typical clinical thermometer) is enough to contaminate a water body with a surface area of about 20 acres1, to the degree that the fishes inhabiting there would be unsafe to eat. In humans, mercury can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes and its vapors can also be inhaled. Hence, it becomes very important for humans to mitigate coming in contact with Mercury.
\nThe sources of Mercury emission are:
\n\n
Anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions include mercury that is released from fuels or raw materials, or from uses in products or industrial processes. Globally, India is the second-largest mercury emitter to the environment after China with estimated emissions of 144.7 tons per year2 in 2019. The sectors largely responsible for these emissions include2:
\n\n
Fig 1. Thermal Power Plant
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Coal thermal power plants contribute to over half of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) concentration, 30 per cent oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and 20 per cent particulate matter (PM) in ambient air. The contribution of mercury also by these thermal power points exceed 50 per cent.
\nIn 2015, the Union government introduced a notification directing coal-based thermal power plants to comply with stringent emission norms. One of the major requirements for complying to the emission norms was setting up of a Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) unit which requires two-three years of commissioning as well as large capital. The deadline was initially set as 2017. There has been a constant push from industry to delay the deadline. This deadline has been revised in September 2022, for the third time in the last five years. The revised deadline of September 2022 however has provided extension only to SO2 norms while the deadline for other emissions remains the same.
\n![\"\"](\"https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/India-2-1024x377.png\")
Table 1. Emission Norms for Mercury in Thermal Power Plants3
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A study4 was done in 2021 to analyze Mercury levels present in drinking water and soil samples in areas close to thermal power plants in various cities of India. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued an upper limit for presence of Mercury in drinking water as 0.002 mg/L. Of the total 15 drinking water samples taken from different locations, three of them had mercury levels between 0.003 to 0.026 mg/L. Samples of Surface water had 0.01 mg/L while effluent water had 0.02 to 0.127 mg/L of Mercury concentrations. All these numbers are higher than the drinking water quality guidelines of several countries including India, and the general surface water quality guidelines for EU.
\nMercury exists in three different forms in flue gas of a thermal power plant:
\nHg (2+) & Hg (P) are relatively easy to remove from flue gas using typical air pollution control devices such as Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) & Wet-Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) units. The deadline for installation of FGDs for Category C cities in India is 31st Dec\u201926 before which all thermal Power plants in India will become equipped to even remove Hg (2+) and Hg (P) \u00a0from flue gases
\nHowever, the major problem in Mercury emissions is release of Elemental Mercury, Hg (0) which cannot be removed from flue gases directly. Hence alternate routes are utilized to capture elemental Mercury from flue gases
\nMercury exists in three different forms in flue gas of a thermal power plant:
\n\n
Hg (2+) & Hg (P) are relatively easy to remove from flue gas using typical air pollution control devices such as Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) & Wet-Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) units. The deadline for installation of FGDs for Category C cities in India is 31st Dec\u201926 before which all thermal Power plants in India will become equipped to even remove Hg (2+) and Hg (P) \u00a0from flue gases.
\nHowever, the major problem in Mercury emissions is release of Elemental Mercury, Hg (0) which cannot be removed from flue gases directly. Hence alternate routes are utilized to capture elemental Mercury from flue gases.
\nThe Mercury in elemental form, Hg (0) passes through the entire flue gas cleaning system and is released by the flue gas into the surrounding environment. In practice, the common methods used to remove this form of mercury are:
\n\n
Mercury is a highly toxic molecule which causes neurological diseases. Mercury poisoning can result from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury (such as mercuric chloride or methylmercury), by inhalation of mercury vapor, or by ingesting any form of mercury. Given the nature of toxicity, its critical to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds.
\nThermal power plants are the largest contributor of Mercury emissions. A recent study in India has highlighted the levels of Mercury above permissible limits in regions around these power plants.
\nIt\u2019s critical for coal based Thermal Power plants to adopt measures for capturing Mercury present in flue gases, In this sense, capture systems such as Powdered Activated Carbon, Baghouse and FGD play a fundamental role in achieving this, as they can capture the oxidated mercury present in flue gas. Hence the deadline of 31st Dec\u201926 before which all thermal Power plants in India will become equipped with FGDs is critical to achieving mercury below permissible limits around thermal power plants.
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\nSource:
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The post Mercury Emissions from Thermal Powerplants in India appeared first on Let's talk bromine.
\n", "content_text": "Mercury is a heavy, odorless, lustrous liquid metal that sinks in water. One gram of mercury contains 3 x 1021 atoms and each of these atoms is bio-chemically capable to disable an enzyme or other critical protein in a human body. This one gram of mercury (present in a typical clinical thermometer) is enough to contaminate a water body with a surface area of about 20 acres1, to the degree that the fishes inhabiting there would be unsafe to eat. In humans, mercury can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes and its vapors can also be inhaled. Hence, it becomes very important for humans to mitigate coming in contact with Mercury.\nThe sources of Mercury emission are:\n\nNatural Emission: mercury emitted in volcanic eruptions\nAnthropogenic Emission: mercury emitted due to human generated activities\n\n\n \nAnthropogenic Emissions\nAnthropogenic (human-caused) emissions include mercury that is released from fuels or raw materials, or from uses in products or industrial processes. Globally, India is the second-largest mercury emitter to the environment after China with estimated emissions of 144.7 tons per year2 in 2019. The sectors largely responsible for these emissions include2:\n\nCoal burning in Thermal Power plants and Industrial Boilers \u2013 89.4 tons per year\nIndustrial sectors such as nonferrous metal production (Copper, Lead, Zinc) \u2013 22.5 tons per year\nWaste of electronic and healthcare products \u2013 13.6 tons per year\nCement production \u2013 13.4 tons per year\nFerrous metal production \u2013 1.9 tons per year\nChlor-Alkali production \u2013 0.94 tons per year\n\n \nFig 1. Thermal Power Plant\n \nEmission Norms for Thermal Power Plants\nCoal thermal power plants contribute to over half of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) concentration, 30 per cent oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and 20 per cent particulate matter (PM) in ambient air. The contribution of mercury also by these thermal power points exceed 50 per cent.\nIn 2015, the Union government introduced a notification directing coal-based thermal power plants to comply with stringent emission norms. One of the major requirements for complying to the emission norms was setting up of a Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) unit which requires two-three years of commissioning as well as large capital. The deadline was initially set as 2017. There has been a constant push from industry to delay the deadline. This deadline has been revised in September 2022, for the third time in the last five years. The revised deadline of September 2022 however has provided extension only to SO2 norms while the deadline for other emissions remains the same.\nTable 1. Emission Norms for Mercury in Thermal Power Plants3\n \nReview of Mercury found in vicinity of Thermal Power plants\nA study4 was done in 2021 to analyze Mercury levels present in drinking water and soil samples in areas close to thermal power plants in various cities of India. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued an upper limit for presence of Mercury in drinking water as 0.002 mg/L. Of the total 15 drinking water samples taken from different locations, three of them had mercury levels between 0.003 to 0.026 mg/L. Samples of Surface water had 0.01 mg/L while effluent water had 0.02 to 0.127 mg/L of Mercury concentrations. All these numbers are higher than the drinking water quality guidelines of several countries including India, and the general surface water quality guidelines for EU.\nMercury Emissions in Thermal Power Plants\nMercury exists in three different forms in flue gas of a thermal power plant:\n\nElemental Mercury: Hg (0)\nOxidized Mercury: Hg (2+)\nParticle bound Mercury: Hg (P)\n\nHg (2+) & Hg (P) are relatively easy to remove from flue gas using typical air pollution control devices such as Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) & Wet-Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) units. The deadline for installation of FGDs for Category C cities in India is 31st Dec\u201926 before which all thermal Power plants in India will become equipped to even remove Hg (2+) and Hg (P) \u00a0from flue gases\nHowever, the major problem in Mercury emissions is release of Elemental Mercury, Hg (0) which cannot be removed from flue gases directly. Hence alternate routes are utilized to capture elemental Mercury from flue gases\nMercury Emissions in Thermal Power Plants\nMercury exists in three different forms in flue gas of a thermal power plant:\n\nElemental Mercury: Hg (0)\nOxidized Mercury: Hg (2+)\nParticle bound Mercury: Hg (P)\n\n \nHg (2+) & Hg (P) are relatively easy to remove from flue gas using typical air pollution control devices such as Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) & Wet-Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) units. The deadline for installation of FGDs for Category C cities in India is 31st Dec\u201926 before which all thermal Power plants in India will become equipped to even remove Hg (2+) and Hg (P) \u00a0from flue gases.\nHowever, the major problem in Mercury emissions is release of Elemental Mercury, Hg (0) which cannot be removed from flue gases directly. Hence alternate routes are utilized to capture elemental Mercury from flue gases.\nCapturing Elemental Mercury from Thermal Power Plants\nThe Mercury in elemental form, Hg (0) passes through the entire flue gas cleaning system and is released by the flue gas into the surrounding environment. In practice, the common methods used to remove this form of mercury are:\n\nDosing Activated Carbon into Flue Gases5:\u00a0Thanks to its large specific surface area, activated carbon is able to bind Mercury to its surface on the basis of absorption principle. In addition to the oxidic forms of mercury, the elemental form of mercury can also be trapped to a certain extent on the surface of activated carbon. In order to increase the capture efficiency of the elemental form of mercury, halogen-based compounds (eg. bromides) is also added to the activated carbon\nInjecting Halogen onto Coal6 :\u00a0Calcium Bromide is added to the coal. It\u2019s an effective and inexpensive process and results in very high mercury oxidation. Wet scrubbers always need to be managed for the oxidation reduction potential where the scrubber can capture mercury. The only catch is that for halogen addition to work on its own as a mercury control technology, there \u00a0must be some sort of capture system, either Powdered Activated Carbon, baghouse or FGD system. Oxidized mercury is very soluble and can be taken out in the FGD\n\n \nKey Take Aways\nMercury is a highly toxic molecule which causes neurological diseases. Mercury poisoning can result from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury (such as mercuric chloride or methylmercury), by inhalation of mercury vapor, or by ingesting any form of mercury. Given the nature of toxicity, its critical to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds.\nThermal power plants are the largest contributor of Mercury emissions. A recent study in India has highlighted the levels of Mercury above permissible limits in regions around these power plants.\nIt\u2019s critical for coal based Thermal Power plants to adopt measures for capturing Mercury present in flue gases, In this sense, capture systems such as Powdered Activated Carbon, Baghouse and FGD play a fundamental role in achieving this, as they can capture the oxidated mercury present in flue gas. Hence the deadline of 31st Dec\u201926 before which all thermal Power plants in India will become equipped with FGDs is critical to achieving mercury below permissible limits around thermal power plants.\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\nSource:\n\nMercury – Environmental Implications & Toxicity, Central Pollution Control Board\nImplementation of the Minamata Convention to manage mercury pollution in India: challenges and opportunities, Brij Mohan Sharma\nThe Gazette of India, CG-DL-E-05092022-238614, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change\nMercury in the Environment Around Industrially Impacted Locations in India: A Mini-Review, Asif Qureshi\nhttps://www.ggfiltration.com/engineering/reduction-of-mercury-concentration-from-flue-gases/\nhttps://www.powerengineeringint.com/coal-fired/mercury-falling/\n\n \nThe post Mercury Emissions from Thermal Powerplants in India appeared first on Let's talk bromine.", "date_published": "2022-10-27T06:42:07+00:00", "date_modified": "2022-10-27T06:53:03+00:00", "author": { "name": "admin", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/author/admin/", "avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0428b8e4964fa7634cc8733194ee5bbe?s=512&d=mm&r=g" }, "image": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/India.jpg", "tags": [ "Mercury emission reduction" ] }, { "id": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/2020/04/02/minamata-convention-mercury-pollution/", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/2020/04/02/minamata-convention-mercury-pollution/", "title": "The Minamata Convention delivers on mercury pollution", "content_html": "According to the World Health Organization, mercury is one of the top ten hazardous chemicals of major public health concern. While it has been a global public health concern for children and pregnant women for decades, it is still present in the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that makes our plants grow.
\nMercury emissions are mostly released by coal burning and nearly half of the global electricity is currently generated by coal power plants. The emissions and their toxic effects can be controlled. Bromine-based products contribute to reduce mercury pollution in a cost-effective manner which could have a positive health impact. In fact, bromine-based technologies have been proven to be effective in reducing 90% of mercury emissions.
\nThe use of bromine can also help achieve policy objectives. The new European Commission has set an ambitious tone for tackling hazardous chemicals. The zero-pollution ambition for a toxic-free environment is a cornerstone of the new Commission\u2019s working plan, expected in 2021, which will address air, water, soil pollution from toxic chemicals.
\nThe reduction of mercury emissions is a commitment of the international community under the United Nations\u2019 Minamata Convention. The Conference of the Parties to the Minamata Convention on Mercury (COP3) which took place from 25 to 29 November 2019 in Geneva, Switzerland, resulted in improvements in management of contaminated cities and waste thresholds.
\nThe COP3 addressed a number of key technical issues, including:
\nAs of March 2020, 118 states and one regional economic integration organisation have ratified the Minamata Convention.
\nA major step forward was the adoption of the Contaminates Sites Guidance. After 4 years of negotiations, this tool will help developing nations around the world to remediate mercury-contaminated sites, minimising hazardous exposure of populations.
\nBSEF members fully subscribe to the goals of the Minamata Convention by developing bromine-based technologies that will help reducing man-made atmospheric mercury emissions(for instance thermal coal plants account for over 20% of global emissions of mercury to the environment). BSEF is also a member of the United Nations Environment Programme Global Mercury Partnership and has developed synergies with the IEA Clean Coal Center.
\n\nThe post The Minamata Convention delivers on mercury pollution appeared first on Let's talk bromine.
\n", "content_text": "The Bromine solution to global public health threat of mercury pollution \nAccording to the World Health Organization, mercury is one of the top ten hazardous chemicals of major public health concern. While it has been a global public health concern for children and pregnant women for decades, it is still present in the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that makes our plants grow.\nMercury emissions are mostly released by coal burning and nearly half of the global electricity is currently generated by coal power plants. The emissions and their toxic effects can be controlled. Bromine-based products contribute to reduce mercury pollution in a cost-effective manner which could have a positive health impact. In fact, bromine-based technologies have been proven to be effective in reducing 90% of mercury emissions.\nThe use of bromine can also help achieve policy objectives. The new European Commission has set an ambitious tone for tackling hazardous chemicals. The zero-pollution ambition for a toxic-free environment is a cornerstone of the new Commission\u2019s working plan, expected in 2021, which will address air, water, soil pollution from toxic chemicals.\nThe Minamata Convention Conference delivering on global commitments\nThe reduction of mercury emissions is a commitment of the international community under the United Nations\u2019 Minamata Convention. The Conference of the Parties to the Minamata Convention on Mercury (COP3) which took place from 25 to 29 November 2019 in Geneva, Switzerland, resulted in improvements in management of contaminated cities and waste thresholds.\nThe COP3 addressed a number of key technical issues, including:\n\nmercury-added products and manufacturing processes in which mercury or mercury compounds are used;\nreleases of mercury;\nmercury waste, in particular consideration of relevant thresholds;\nemissions of mercury resulting from the open burning of waste; and\nguidance on the management of contaminated sites.\n\nAs of March 2020, 118 states and one regional economic integration organisation have ratified the Minamata Convention.\nA major step forward was the adoption of the Contaminates Sites Guidance. After 4 years of negotiations, this tool will help developing nations around the world to remediate mercury-contaminated sites, minimising hazardous exposure of populations.\nBSEF members fully subscribe to the goals of the Minamata Convention by developing bromine-based technologies that will help reducing man-made atmospheric mercury emissions(for instance thermal coal plants account for over 20% of global emissions of mercury to the environment). BSEF is also a member of the United Nations Environment Programme Global Mercury Partnership and has developed synergies with the IEA Clean Coal Center.\n\nThe post The Minamata Convention delivers on mercury pollution appeared first on Let's talk bromine.", "date_published": "2020-04-02T10:00:42+00:00", "date_modified": "2020-04-02T12:49:47+00:00", "author": { "name": "admin", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/author/admin/", "avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0428b8e4964fa7634cc8733194ee5bbe?s=512&d=mm&r=g" }, "image": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/The-Minamata-Convention-delivers-on-mercury-pollution.jpg", "tags": [ "Mercury emission reduction" ] }, { "id": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/2018/10/17/india-mercury-emissions-reduction/", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/2018/10/17/india-mercury-emissions-reduction/", "title": "BSEF around the world: India brings to 93 the number of parties to the Minamata Convention on Mercury", "content_html": "On 18th June, 2018, the Government of India officially deposited the Instrument of Ratification of the Minamata Convention, becoming the 93rd country in the world to do so.
\nThe Minamata Convention is a global treaty whose objective is to protect human health and the environment from the anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds.
\nPost ratification, the next stage is for the Indian government to come up with a National Implementation Plan to reduce emissions. One of the key emission sources is coal-fired power plants, where bromine-based techniques can be employed to reduce mercury emissions.
\nIndia as an economy has been heavily reliant on coal-fired power plants as its primary energy source. The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change had, in 2015, issued emission norms for coal-fired power plants, indicating a limit of 30 ug/m3 for mercury emissions.
\nIn light of this, Avalon Consulting, BSEF\u2019s consulting partner in India, has been engaging with key stakeholders in the government, power produc ing companies and NGOs to keep track of developments on how India plans to reduce mercury emissions. Experience from other regions demonstrates that bromine based technologies can play a useful role in complying with air emissions legislation, as for example, the Mercury Air Toxics Standards ( MATS) regulations in the United States.
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Have a look at our website and discover how Bromine is used in coal fired power plant to significantly reduce mercury emissions.
\nDo not hesitate\u00a0to share this article, to give your opinion and to start the conversation.
\nThe post BSEF around the world: India brings to 93 the number of parties to the Minamata Convention on Mercury appeared first on Let's talk bromine.
\n", "content_text": "On 18th June, 2018, the Government of India officially deposited the Instrument of Ratification of the Minamata Convention, becoming the 93rd country in the world to do so.\nThe Minamata Convention is a global treaty whose objective is to protect human health and the environment from the anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds.\nPost ratification, the next stage is for the Indian government to come up with a National Implementation Plan to reduce emissions. One of the key emission sources is coal-fired power plants, where bromine-based techniques can be employed to reduce mercury emissions. \nIndia as an economy has been heavily reliant on coal-fired power plants as its primary energy source. The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change had, in 2015, issued emission norms for coal-fired power plants, indicating a limit of 30 ug/m3 for mercury emissions.\nIn light of this, Avalon Consulting, BSEF\u2019s consulting partner in India, has been engaging with key stakeholders in the government, power produc ing companies and NGOs to keep track of developments on how India plans to reduce mercury emissions. Experience from other regions demonstrates that bromine based technologies can play a useful role in complying with air emissions legislation, as for example, the Mercury Air Toxics Standards ( MATS) regulations in the United States. \n \nHave a look at our website and discover how Bromine is used in coal fired power plant to significantly reduce mercury emissions.\nDo not hesitate\u00a0to share this article, to give your opinion and to start the conversation.\nThe post BSEF around the world: India brings to 93 the number of parties to the Minamata Convention on Mercury appeared first on Let's talk bromine.", "date_published": "2018-10-17T11:09:15+00:00", "date_modified": "2019-06-04T06:54:49+00:00", "author": { "name": "admin", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/author/admin/", "avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0428b8e4964fa7634cc8733194ee5bbe?s=512&d=mm&r=g" }, "image": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/BSEF_visual_India.png", "tags": [ "bromine", "bsef", "Mercury emission reduction", "General news" ] }, { "id": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/2018/06/08/eu-green-week/", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/2018/06/08/eu-green-week/", "title": "EU Green Week: bromine based technologies contribute to a greener future", "content_html": "How can the EU help cities face environmental challenges and become better places to live and work? That was the theme of the EU Green Week, held from 21st\u00a0to 25th\u00a0May 2018 in the member states. Bromine-based solutions can help with many of these challenges and create a more-sustainable, greener future.
\n\n
The EU Green Week 2018\u00a0is Europe’s biggest annual conference on\u00a0environmental policy. Participants come from government, industry, non-governmental organizations, academia, and the media.
\nThe event showcases policy developments on air quality, noise, nature and biodiversity, and waste and water management. It promotes participatory approaches to urban development, networking schemes, and tools for sharing best practices. EU Green Week engages local authorities and citizens, encouraging them to share their vision of a sustainable future.
\nIt\u2019s a fact that green cities do better. They are healthier, with clean air, green spaces, safe drinking water, and offer a great quality of life to the people who live there. Bromine and bromine technologies can help your city become a green city.
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As the supply of renewable energy grows,\u00a0energy storage\u00a0(capturing energy now, for use later) becomes more important. Today, only 4% of global power generation comes from\u00a0wind\u00a0and\u00a0solar energy. This share might grow to 20% or even 40% by 2060, because of ingenious energy-storage systems.
\nBromine-based technologies are a\u00a0highly efficient and cost-effective electro-chemical energy-storage solution. They make energy from renewable sources manageable. The technology minimizes energy loss, reduces energy use and costs, and secures supply. That\u2019s why it\u2019s the perfect mechanism for grid, facility, or back-up/stand-by storage.
\n![\"Energy](\"https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/BSEF_Newsletter_Q2_2018_Topic1_Blog_Visual2.png\")
Read more about bromine and energy storage in our dedicated article.
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Water is a precious resource and sustainably managing it is one of today\u2019s greatest challenges. Microorganisms, algae and bacteria can cause serious threats to both human health and the environment as well as to the safety and effectiveness of industrial processes.
\nBromine-based products can disinfect water from harmful contaminants very effectively.\u00a0Bromine dissociates in water by forming hypobromous acid (HBrO). This has powerful disinfectant properties, owing to its ability to kill many pathogens. It\u2019s effective against tough waterborne viruses, such as poliovirus and rotaviruses, as well as a wide spectrum of bacteria.
\nMany essential industrial applications\u00a0use bromine to clean water: wastewater treatment, cooling water systems, brewery pasteurizers, pulp and paper-mill systems, and decorative fountains, pools and spas.
\n![\"Water](\"https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/BSEF_Newsletter_Q2_2018_Topic1_Blog_Visual5-300x168.png\")
Read more about bromine and water treatment in our dedicated article.
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Coal contains mercury, which is released into the air when the coal is burned. This release takes place in three forms: oxidized (Hg2+), particulate (Hgp), and elemental (Hg0).\u00a0Elemental mercury\u00a0is difficult to capture because it\u2019s gaseous at combustion temperatures.
\nHere is where bromine comes to the rescue.\u00a0Bromine-based compounds\u00a0are versatile and can be added\u00a0at different stages of the\u00a0combustion process.\u00a0Bromine additives then convert elemental mercury into its\u00a0oxidized form, which can be\u00a0captured\u00a0more easily by emission-control equipment.
\n\u00a0Once captured, the oxidized\u00a0mercury is\u00a0carefully handled. The method depends on the abatement technology used as well as on the type of installation. Mercury emissions can be reduced by up to 90%\u00a0using this cost-effective method.
\n![\"Mercury](\"https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/BSEF_Newsletter_Q2_2018_Topic1_Blog_Visual3-300x168.png\")
Read more about bromine and mercury emissions reduction in our dedicated article.
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Bromobutyl rubber\u00a0was developed in the 1940s. It\u2019s derived from combining butyl rubber with bromine, which adds considerable value to the product. Most commonly used in the automotive industry, butyl rubber is very strong, has low permeability, and is highly shock-, weather- and age-resistant.
\nOther advantages of bromobutyl rubber include stability at high temperatures, rejuvenating capabilities, stronger resistance, increased adhesion to other rubbers and metals, and improved ozone and environmental resistance.
\nYou\u2019ll find bromobutyl rubber in the inner lining of contemporary radial tyres. This inner lining holds the tyres\u2019 air. Benefits include the tyre\u2019s ability to self-seal\u00a0small puncture holes and improve its air-retention\u00a0performance and therefore its durability.
\nThe product lifecycle of the tyre is longer and avoiding tyre failure keeps motorists safer. An increase in a tyre\u2019s longevity, requiring fewer tyre replacements, also has an overall positive impact on the environment.
\n![\"Safer](\"https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/BSEF_Newsletter_Q2_2018_Topic1_Blog_Visual4-300x168.png\")
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What are your thoughts on bromine\u2019s contribution to a greener future?
\nDo not hesitate to share this article, to give your opinion and to start the conversation.\u00a0
SOURCES
\nhttps://www.eugreenweek.eu/
\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rqijASlYd8
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The post EU Green Week: bromine based technologies contribute to a greener future appeared first on Let's talk bromine.
\n", "content_text": "How can the EU help cities face environmental challenges and become better places to live and work? That was the theme of the EU Green Week, held from 21st\u00a0to 25th\u00a0May 2018 in the member states. Bromine-based solutions can help with many of these challenges and create a more-sustainable, greener future.\n \nEurope’s biggest green-policy conference\nThe EU Green Week 2018\u00a0is Europe’s biggest annual conference on\u00a0environmental policy. Participants come from government, industry, non-governmental organizations, academia, and the media.\nThe event showcases policy developments on air quality, noise, nature and biodiversity, and waste and water management. It promotes participatory approaches to urban development, networking schemes, and tools for sharing best practices. EU Green Week engages local authorities and citizens, encouraging them to share their vision of a sustainable future.\nIt\u2019s a fact that green cities do better. They are healthier, with clean air, green spaces, safe drinking water, and offer a great quality of life to the people who live there. Bromine and bromine technologies can help your city become a green city.\n\n \nCapturing energy\nAs the supply of renewable energy grows,\u00a0energy storage\u00a0(capturing energy now, for use later) becomes more important. Today, only 4% of global power generation comes from\u00a0wind\u00a0and\u00a0solar energy. This share might grow to 20% or even 40% by 2060, because of ingenious energy-storage systems.\nBromine-based technologies are a\u00a0highly efficient and cost-effective electro-chemical energy-storage solution. They make energy from renewable sources manageable. The technology minimizes energy loss, reduces energy use and costs, and secures supply. That\u2019s why it\u2019s the perfect mechanism for grid, facility, or back-up/stand-by storage.\n\nRead more about bromine and energy storage in our dedicated article.\n \n \n \n \n \n \nCleaning our water\nWater is a precious resource and sustainably managing it is one of today\u2019s greatest challenges. Microorganisms, algae and bacteria can cause serious threats to both human health and the environment as well as to the safety and effectiveness of industrial processes.\nBromine-based products can disinfect water from harmful contaminants very effectively.\u00a0Bromine dissociates in water by forming hypobromous acid (HBrO). This has powerful disinfectant properties, owing to its ability to kill many pathogens. It\u2019s effective against tough waterborne viruses, such as poliovirus and rotaviruses, as well as a wide spectrum of bacteria.\nMany essential industrial applications\u00a0use bromine to clean water: wastewater treatment, cooling water systems, brewery pasteurizers, pulp and paper-mill systems, and decorative fountains, pools and spas.\nRead more about bromine and water treatment in our dedicated article.\n \n \n \n \n \n \nReducing mercury emissions by 30%\nCoal contains mercury, which is released into the air when the coal is burned. This release takes place in three forms: oxidized (Hg2+), particulate (Hgp), and elemental (Hg0).\u00a0Elemental mercury\u00a0is difficult to capture because it\u2019s gaseous at combustion temperatures.\nHere is where bromine comes to the rescue.\u00a0Bromine-based compounds\u00a0are versatile and can be added\u00a0at different stages of the\u00a0combustion process.\u00a0Bromine additives then convert elemental mercury into its\u00a0oxidized form, which can be\u00a0captured\u00a0more easily by emission-control equipment.\n\u00a0Once captured, the oxidized\u00a0mercury is\u00a0carefully handled. The method depends on the abatement technology used as well as on the type of installation. Mercury emissions can be reduced by up to 90%\u00a0using this cost-effective method.\nRead more about bromine and mercury emissions reduction in our dedicated article.\n \n \n \n \n \nKeeping safe on the road\nBromobutyl rubber\u00a0was developed in the 1940s. It\u2019s derived from combining butyl rubber with bromine, which adds considerable value to the product. Most commonly used in the automotive industry, butyl rubber is very strong, has low permeability, and is highly shock-, weather- and age-resistant.\nOther advantages of bromobutyl rubber include stability at high temperatures, rejuvenating capabilities, stronger resistance, increased adhesion to other rubbers and metals, and improved ozone and environmental resistance.\nYou\u2019ll find bromobutyl rubber in the inner lining of contemporary radial tyres. This inner lining holds the tyres\u2019 air. Benefits include the tyre\u2019s ability to self-seal\u00a0small puncture holes and improve its air-retention\u00a0performance and therefore its durability.\nThe product lifecycle of the tyre is longer and avoiding tyre failure keeps motorists safer. An increase in a tyre\u2019s longevity, requiring fewer tyre replacements, also has an overall positive impact on the environment.\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nWhat are your thoughts on bromine\u2019s contribution to a greener future?\nDo not hesitate to share this article, to give your opinion and to start the conversation.\u00a0\nSOURCES\nhttps://www.eugreenweek.eu/\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rqijASlYd8\n \nThe post EU Green Week: bromine based technologies contribute to a greener future appeared first on Let's talk bromine.", "date_published": "2018-06-08T11:57:58+00:00", "date_modified": "2018-06-11T08:28:31+00:00", "author": { "name": "admin", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/author/admin/", "avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0428b8e4964fa7634cc8733194ee5bbe?s=512&d=mm&r=g" }, "image": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/BSEF_Newsletter_Q2_2018_Topic1_Blog_Header.png", "tags": [ "bromine", "bsef", "Energy storage", "EU Green Week", "mercury emissions reduction", "safer tyres", "water treatment", "Fire retardancy", "General news", "Mercury emission reduction" ] }, { "id": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/2017/09/07/bromine-reduces-mercury-emission-from-coal-fired-power-plants/", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/2017/09/07/bromine-reduces-mercury-emission-from-coal-fired-power-plants/", "title": "Bromine reduces mercury emission from coal-fired power plants", "content_html": "Energy\u00a0is an important need in human life. We just cannot live without it. Because of the growing world population, the global energy demand is increasing as well. There are various sources to generate this power. Low-carbon, renewable-energy-based systems with accompanying energy storage solutions\u00a0are beginning to make their mark. But did you know that today, 40% of the world\u2019s electricity is still generated by coal-fired power plants? This method for power generation can have severe effects on our environment, and human health. Fortunately however, adding brominated salts to the coal or flue gas stream can alleviate some of the problems.
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The coal that is burned in power plants can contain several impurities, e.g., mercury at varying concentrations. When coal is combusted, this mercury can be converted to highly volatile mercury and mercury compounds that are released into the atmosphere. Although mercury is only found in coal in small amounts, coal is burned in such large quantities all over the world, that these small amounts quickly add up. Globally, coal power plants emit 500 tons of mercury a year (United Nations Environment Program). This eventually ends up in the environment. Mercury is also a major public health concern, especially for children and pregnant women. In large doses, mercury contamination can affect the health and populations of fish and wildlife, as it harms their central nervous and reproductive systems. People who eat fish containing\u00a0mercury, especially children, can suffer from a myriad of developmental problems.\u00a0Clearly, a solution for these dangerous emissions is needed.
\n![\"Bromine](\"https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Bromine-BSEF-mercury-emission-pollution-reduction-minamata-coal-combustion-2-1.png\")
As already stated, burning coal releases mercury. This release takes place in three forms: oxidized (Hg2+), particulate (Hgp) and elemental (Hg0). Elemental mercury is difficult to capture because it is gaseous at combustion temperatures.
\nHere is where bromine comes to the rescue. Bromine-based compounds are versatile and may be added at different stages of the combustion process.\u00a0Bromine additives then convert elemental mercury into its oxidized form, which can be captured more easily by emission control equipment.
\nOnce captured, the oxidized\u00a0mercury is carefully handled. The method depends on the abatement technology used as well as on the type of installation. Mercury emissions are reduced up to 90% using this cost-effective method. That is why BSEF promotes this benefit as one of the key bromine applications for our society and economy.
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With the growing awareness of mercury pollution and technical solutions available limits on mercury emission from coal power plant are getting stricter. The US has, with its maximum of 1.5 micrograms of mercury per cubic meter, the strictest emission limits worldwide to date.
\nToday, mercury emission reduction accounts for only 2% off all bromine use worldwide. But now that other countries are beginning to follow the US example, bromine emission reduction applications are rising significantly. All eyes are especially on China, as it burns five times more coal than the U.S.\u00a0In addition, the EU has in August 2017 introduced strict limits on mercury from coal and lignite arising from its review of the Large Combustion Plant Directive.
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Coal combustion is responsible for a quarter of mercury releases to the atmosphere, while the clinker cement, ferrous and non-ferrous industry sectors account for another quarter. BSEF believes that it is important to address of all of these sources and to actively search for solutions to the mercury reduction challenges. That\u2019s why we support the Minamata Convention on Mercury, and why we will be present at the inaugural Conference of the Parties (COP 1) of the Convention in Geneva in late September.
\nDo you want to know more about the Minamata Convention on Mercury, and the global acknowledgement of the adverse environmental and health impacts of mercury? Read our article about this global treaty.
\nAre you attending the Convention as well? Feel free to contact us, and hopefully we can meet and share our insights on mercury pollution, and on the use of bromine for mercury emission reduction.
\n![\"Minamata](\"https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Minamata-Convention-on-mercury-bsef-bromine-1.jpg\")
\n
\n
What do you think about the usage of bromine compounds as mercury emission reducers?
\nDo not hesitate to share this article, to give your opinion and to start the conversation. Because the broader this environmental issue is addressed and talked about, the bigger the awareness on mercury pollution.
\nAnd at BSEF, we think awareness is the first step towards change.
\n\n
\n
SOURCES
\nMinamata Convention on Mercury
\nBromine Comes To The Rescue For Mercury Power Plant Emissions – C&EN
\nA little bromine cuts coal’s mercury emissions – DW
\nThe post Bromine reduces mercury emission from coal-fired power plants appeared first on Let's talk bromine.
\n", "content_text": "HOW BROMINE CAN ADDRESS A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN\u00a0\nEnergy\u00a0is an important need in human life. We just cannot live without it. Because of the growing world population, the global energy demand is increasing as well. There are various sources to generate this power. Low-carbon, renewable-energy-based systems with accompanying energy storage solutions\u00a0are beginning to make their mark. But did you know that today, 40% of the world\u2019s electricity is still generated by coal-fired power plants? This method for power generation can have severe effects on our environment, and human health. Fortunately however, adding brominated salts to the coal or flue gas stream can alleviate some of the problems.\n \nHow does mercury enter the environment and impact our environment?\nThe coal that is burned in power plants can contain several impurities, e.g., mercury at varying concentrations. When coal is combusted, this mercury can be converted to highly volatile mercury and mercury compounds that are released into the atmosphere. Although mercury is only found in coal in small amounts, coal is burned in such large quantities all over the world, that these small amounts quickly add up. Globally, coal power plants emit 500 tons of mercury a year (United Nations Environment Program). This eventually ends up in the environment. Mercury is also a major public health concern, especially for children and pregnant women. In large doses, mercury contamination can affect the health and populations of fish and wildlife, as it harms their central nervous and reproductive systems. People who eat fish containing\u00a0mercury, especially children, can suffer from a myriad of developmental problems.\u00a0Clearly, a solution for these dangerous emissions is needed.\n\nBromine, making capturing mercury easier and safer\nAs already stated, burning coal releases mercury. This release takes place in three forms: oxidized (Hg2+), particulate (Hgp) and elemental (Hg0). Elemental mercury is difficult to capture because it is gaseous at combustion temperatures.\nHere is where bromine comes to the rescue. Bromine-based compounds are versatile and may be added at different stages of the combustion process.\u00a0Bromine additives then convert elemental mercury into its oxidized form, which can be captured more easily by emission control equipment.\nOnce captured, the oxidized\u00a0mercury is carefully handled. The method depends on the abatement technology used as well as on the type of installation. Mercury emissions are reduced up to 90% using this cost-effective method. That is why BSEF promotes this benefit as one of the key bromine applications for our society and economy.\n\n \n \n \nA promising future for bromine applications in mercury emission reduction\nWith the growing awareness of mercury pollution and technical solutions available limits on mercury emission from coal power plant are getting stricter. The US has, with its maximum of 1.5 micrograms of mercury per cubic meter, the strictest emission limits worldwide to date.\nToday, mercury emission reduction accounts for only 2% off all bromine use worldwide. But now that other countries are beginning to follow the US example, bromine emission reduction applications are rising significantly. All eyes are especially on China, as it burns five times more coal than the U.S.\u00a0In addition, the EU has in August 2017 introduced strict limits on mercury from coal and lignite arising from its review of the Large Combustion Plant Directive.\n \nThe Minamata Convention, protecting health and environment from mercury\nCoal combustion is responsible for a quarter of mercury releases to the atmosphere, while the clinker cement, ferrous and non-ferrous industry sectors account for another quarter. BSEF believes that it is important to address of all of these sources and to actively search for solutions to the mercury reduction challenges. That\u2019s why we support the Minamata Convention on Mercury, and why we will be present at the inaugural Conference of the Parties (COP 1) of the Convention in Geneva in late September.\nDo you want to know more about the Minamata Convention on Mercury, and the global acknowledgement of the adverse environmental and health impacts of mercury? Read our article about this global treaty.\nAre you attending the Convention as well? Feel free to contact us, and hopefully we can meet and share our insights on mercury pollution, and on the use of bromine for mercury emission reduction.\n\n \n \nWhat do you think about the usage of bromine compounds as mercury emission reducers?\nDo not hesitate to share this article, to give your opinion and to start the conversation. Because the broader this environmental issue is addressed and talked about, the bigger the awareness on mercury pollution. \nAnd at BSEF, we think awareness is the first step towards change.\n \n \nSOURCES\nMinamata Convention on Mercury\nBromine Comes To The Rescue For Mercury Power Plant Emissions – C&EN\nA little bromine cuts coal’s mercury emissions – DW\nThe post Bromine reduces mercury emission from coal-fired power plants appeared first on Let's talk bromine.", "date_published": "2017-09-07T08:19:47+00:00", "date_modified": "2017-09-07T14:49:01+00:00", "author": { "name": "admin", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/author/admin/", "avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0428b8e4964fa7634cc8733194ee5bbe?s=512&d=mm&r=g" }, "image": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Bromine-BSEF-mercury-emission-pollution-reduction-minamata-.png", "tags": [ "bromine", "bsef", "energy", "mercury emission", "Mercury emission reduction", "mercury pollution" ] }, { "id": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/2017/09/07/the-minamata-convention-on-mercury/", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/2017/09/07/the-minamata-convention-on-mercury/", "title": "The Minamata Convention on Mercury", "content_html": "Minamata was a peaceful town on the Japanese island of Kyushu, mainly known for its beautiful Minamata Bay. But in the early 1950s, the harmony in the fishing town was disturbed when the cats started to behave strangely; dancing around, screeching, scratching\u00a0–\u00a0it was the beginning of a human and ecological tragedy.
\n\n
Today, the danger of mercury pollution is globally known. This wasn\u2019t the case when between 1932 and 1968 the local chemical factory Chisso Corporation started to release methylmercury\u00a0into the industrial\u00a0wastewater.\u00a0It took a while before the effects of this industrial wastewater showed. The cats were the first to feel the effects of mercury poisoning.\u00a0Then residents started suffering from splitting headaches, tunnel vision, and eventually severe deformities.
\nMercury in the industrial waste water discharged into public water was being concentrated in fish and shellfish through bioaccumulation. Those who ate substantial quantities of the contaminated fish and shellfish were poisoned. This was called Minamata Disease.\u00a0The in 1956 officially discovered mercury pollution resulted in more than 2000 people dying from eating contaminated seafood, and thousands more suffering life-long damage and disabilities.
\n\n\n
\n
Mercury – a naturally occurring and ubiquitous metal \u2013 is widely\u00a0used in everyday objects such as thermometers. It moves with air and water, transcends borders and can be transported thousands of miles in the atmosphere. Human activities such as coal burning further exacerbate the natural sources of mercury emissions. Due to these widespread anthropogenic releases, it is a problem that requires\u00a0global action. That is why in 2013, after three years of negotiations, delegates from over 140 countries adopted the Minamata Convention of Mercury.
\nWhat is the goal of this United Nations Treaty? Protecting human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury and its compounds. Since the Convention achieved the needed 50 ratifications (51 to be precise), it has entered into force in August 2017. The first Conference of the Parties to the Convention takes place from 24 to 29 September 2017 in Geneva, Switzerland.
\n![\"\"](\"https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Minamata-Convention-on-mercury-bsef-bromine-10.jpg\")
\n
Major highlights of the Minamata Convention\u00a0include a ban on new mercury mines, the phase out of existing ones, the phase out and phase down of mercury use in a number of products and processes, control measures on emissions to air\u00a0and on releases to land and water, and the regulation of the informal sector\u00a0of artisanal and small-scale gold mining. The Convention addresses interim storage of mercury and its disposal once it becomes waste, and sites contaminated by mercury. There is also a focus on neurological and other health effects, particularly on unborn children and infants. By implementing\u00a0these measures, an overall reduction in mercury levels in the environment should be reached over time.
\n\n
BSEF\u00a0shares the concern about mercury and its persistence in the environment. Once anthropogenically released, it has an\u00a0ability to bio-accumulate in ecosystems and create\u00a0significant negative effects on human health and the environment.
\nThat is why we support the Minamata Convention on Mercury, and why we will be present at the Convention in Geneva.
\nAre you attending the Convention as well? Feel free to contact us, and hopefully we can meet and share our insights on mercury pollution and on the use of bromine in this global issue.
\nDo you want to know more about mercury pollution? Discover the role bromine plays in the reduction of mercury emissions (link to article 2), and thus in the implementation of the international Minamata Convention on Mercury.
\n\n
\n
What are your thoughts on the program and the goals of the Minamata Convention?
\nDo not hesitate to share this article, to give your opinion and to start the conversation. Because the broader this environmental issue is addressed and talked about, the bigger the awareness on mercury pollution.
\nAnd at BSEF, we think awareness is the first step towards change.
\n\u00a0
\n\u00a0
\nSOURCES
\nMinamata Convention on Mercury
\nFirst meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Minamata Convention on Mercury (COP1)
\nThe Japanese town that was poisoned – BBC
\nThe post The Minamata Convention on Mercury appeared first on Let's talk bromine.
\n", "content_text": "A GLOBAL TREATY MAKING MERCURY HISTORY\nMinamata was a peaceful town on the Japanese island of Kyushu, mainly known for its beautiful Minamata Bay. But in the early 1950s, the harmony in the fishing town was disturbed when the cats started to behave strangely; dancing around, screeching, scratching\u00a0–\u00a0it was the beginning of a human and ecological tragedy.\n \nThe drastic effects of mercury pollution in Minamata\nToday, the danger of mercury pollution is globally known. This wasn\u2019t the case when between 1932 and 1968 the local chemical factory Chisso Corporation started to release methylmercury\u00a0into the industrial\u00a0wastewater.\u00a0It took a while before the effects of this industrial wastewater showed. The cats were the first to feel the effects of mercury poisoning.\u00a0Then residents started suffering from splitting headaches, tunnel vision, and eventually severe deformities.\nMercury in the industrial waste water discharged into public water was being concentrated in fish and shellfish through bioaccumulation. Those who ate substantial quantities of the contaminated fish and shellfish were poisoned. This was called Minamata Disease.\u00a0The in 1956 officially discovered mercury pollution resulted in more than 2000 people dying from eating contaminated seafood, and thousands more suffering life-long damage and disabilities.\n\n \n \nThe Minamata Convention, protecting health and environment from mercury\nMercury – a naturally occurring and ubiquitous metal \u2013 is widely\u00a0used in everyday objects such as thermometers. It moves with air and water, transcends borders and can be transported thousands of miles in the atmosphere. Human activities such as coal burning further exacerbate the natural sources of mercury emissions. Due to these widespread anthropogenic releases, it is a problem that requires\u00a0global action. That is why in 2013, after three years of negotiations, delegates from over 140 countries adopted the Minamata Convention of Mercury.\nWhat is the goal of this United Nations Treaty? Protecting human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury and its compounds. Since the Convention achieved the needed 50 ratifications (51 to be precise), it has entered into force in August 2017. The first Conference of the Parties to the Convention takes place from 24 to 29 September 2017 in Geneva, Switzerland.\n\n \nMeasures to make mercury history\nMajor highlights of the Minamata Convention\u00a0include a ban on new mercury mines, the phase out of existing ones, the phase out and phase down of mercury use in a number of products and processes, control measures on emissions to air\u00a0and on releases to land and water, and the regulation of the informal sector\u00a0of artisanal and small-scale gold mining. The Convention addresses interim storage of mercury and its disposal once it becomes waste, and sites contaminated by mercury. There is also a focus on neurological and other health effects, particularly on unborn children and infants. By implementing\u00a0these measures, an overall reduction in mercury levels in the environment should be reached over time.\n \nBSEF and the role of bromine on the Minamata Convention on Mercury\nBSEF\u00a0shares the concern about mercury and its persistence in the environment. Once anthropogenically released, it has an\u00a0ability to bio-accumulate in ecosystems and create\u00a0significant negative effects on human health and the environment.\nThat is why we support the Minamata Convention on Mercury, and why we will be present at the Convention in Geneva.\nAre you attending the Convention as well? Feel free to contact us, and hopefully we can meet and share our insights on mercury pollution and on the use of bromine in this global issue.\nDo you want to know more about mercury pollution? Discover the role bromine plays in the reduction of mercury emissions (link to article 2), and thus in the implementation of the international Minamata Convention on Mercury.\n \n \nWhat are your thoughts on the program and the goals of the Minamata Convention?\nDo not hesitate to share this article, to give your opinion and to start the conversation. Because the broader this environmental issue is addressed and talked about, the bigger the awareness on mercury pollution. \nAnd at BSEF, we think awareness is the first step towards change.\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\nSOURCES\nMinamata Convention on Mercury\nFirst meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Minamata Convention on Mercury (COP1)\nThe Japanese town that was poisoned – BBC\nThe post The Minamata Convention on Mercury appeared first on Let's talk bromine.", "date_published": "2017-09-07T08:17:37+00:00", "date_modified": "2017-09-07T14:59:10+00:00", "author": { "name": "admin", "url": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/author/admin/", "avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0428b8e4964fa7634cc8733194ee5bbe?s=512&d=mm&r=g" }, "image": "https://lets-talk-bromine.bsef.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Minamata-Convention-on-mercury-bsef-bromine-pollutionkopie.jpg", "tags": [ "bromine", "bsef", "convention on mercury", "mercury pollution", "minamata", "Mercury emission reduction" ] } ] }